Living in a home with dirty air ducts can have a significant impact on both air quality and your family's overall well-being. Over time, dust, allergens, and even mold can accumulate in the ductwork, leading to a circulation of unclean air that contributes to respiratory issues and allergens in the home.
The unseen contaminants that proliferate dirty air ducts can settle on surfaces, exacerbating allergies and triggering asthma attacks, while also causing increased wear and tear on HVAC systems, which can lead to higher energy bills. Keeping the air ducts clean in your home is essential for maintaining a healthy living environment and ensuring that the air you breathe inside your home is as fresh and clean as possible.
Fortunately, working with a trusted duct cleaning company - like American Air LLC - can solve your air quality issues quickly and effectively.
Though many homeowners enjoy tackling DIY projects, air duct cleaning is not a task you should handle on your own. This process is intricate and requires a deep understanding of HVAC systems, along with specialized tools to do it right.
It's worth noting that "air duct cleaning" is somewhat of a misnomer; in reality, it's essential to clean the entire HVAC system. If all components aren't addressed, you risk recontaminating the system, which can undermine the benefits of the cleaning. The National Air Duct Cleaners Association strongly advises cleaning the whole HVAC system for the best results. At American Air LLC, our duct cleaning experts follow this guidance and are highly qualified to clean:
The most effective way to clean an HVAC system and its ductwork is through a method known as source removal. This involves taking out accumulated dirt and debris and requires the expertise of a professional air duct cleaning company, like American Air LLC.
As the vacuum pulls air through the system, tools like brushes, air whips, and compressed air nozzles are inserted into the ducts to dislodge any stubborn debris clinging to the interior surfaces. Once loosened, the debris is sucked through the ducts into an advanced vacuum system for efficient removal.
One of the key aspects of keeping your air quality pure is keeping your air ducts cleaned.
Just as surfaces in your home gather dust and dirt over time, your air ducts can accumulate pollutants as well. Daily activities generate contaminants like bacteria, pet dander, and mold, which are pulled into your HVAC system and recirculated through the ductwork multiple times a day. This constant circulation can lead to a significant buildup of grime.
To make the situation worse, rodents and insects may invade your ducts, entering through chewed openings or gaps. Once inside, they treat the ductwork like a highway, leaving nests, droppings, and unpleasant odors behind. These waste materials can spread bacteria into your home, ultimately affecting the air quality you breathe.
Dirty air ducts can contribute to many health and home-related issues, including:
Getting your air ducts cleaned correctly can significantly enhance the quality of the air inside your home, lower the risk of health issues, save on energy costs, and extend the lifespan of your HVAC system.
Mold spores are tiny, microscopic particles that constantly drift through the air. They flourish in warm, humid conditions where food sources are readily available. Unfortunately, if the following conditions align, your air ducts can create an ideal environment for mold to thrive.
Dead skin cells, dust, and other types of organic material can build up in your air ducts, giving mold a reliable food source from which to grow.
When your air ducts are clogged, it creates a stagnant environment that creates moisture, which gets strapped and causes mold to grow.
By getting rid of debris like dust, dirt, and dander, you're eliminating a crucial source of food for mold colonies. More
Don't let mold take over your peace of mind (or your air ducts). At American Air LLC, we're committed to helping clients in South Carolina and Georgia maintain mold-free, healthy homes.
By getting rid of debris like dust, dirt, and dander, you're eliminating a crucial source of food for mold colonies. More
Professional air duct cleaning performed by qualified technicians removes any abundance of water in your ductwork, which makes it much harder for mold spores to grow.
Clean air ducts equals improved air circulation throughout your ducts and your home. With improved air circulation comes drier environments, which ultimately means moisture won't be trapped as often.
Leaky ducts and buildups of condensation foster damp conditions, which is ideal for mildew and mold growth.
Duct cleaning not only plays a crucial role in preventing mold growth but also serves as an effective means for early detection. During a professional cleaning, technicians can thoroughly inspect your ductwork for any signs of mold. At American Air LLC, our technicians can also conduct mold testing in Holden Beach, NC, to help paint a clearer picture of the issues you're dealing with. By catching issues early, you can address them quickly, preventing the problem from worsening and ensuring that your indoor air quality remains unaffected
Leaky ducts and buildups of condensation foster damp conditions, which is ideal for mildew and mold growth. More
Keep these tips in mind to help ensure that your home's air is as pure as possible:
This one may seem like a no-brainer, but it's very important. Regularly dust, vacuum, and mop your home to reduce the buildup of dust, pet dander, and other pollutants. Pay special attention to carpets, upholstery, and drapes where these allergens can accumulate.
High humidity levels can promote mold and mildew growth, which can negatively impact air quality. Use a dehumidifier in your home to maintain indoor humidity levels between 30-50%.
Air purifiers can help filter out airborne pollutants, such as dust, pollen, and pet dander. Look for a HEPA air purifier, which is highly effective at removing particles from the air
Many household cleaning products contain harsh chemicals that can release harmful fumes into the air. Opt instead for natural or eco-friendly cleaning products to reduce indoor air pollution.
Schedule regular maintenance for your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to ensure that it is operating efficiently and not circulating pollutants throughout your home.
You won't get very far.
Air duct cleaning is vital for eliminating visible dust and debris, but air duct sanitizing goes a step further. This process delves deeper to tackle microbial contaminants like bacteria, viruses, and mold spores. At American Air LLC, we offer specialized air duct sanitizing services. You might wonder what these services accomplish and how they can benefit you.
Sanitizing air ducts entails applying antimicrobial solutions to the inner surfaces of your air duct system to eradicate and prevent the proliferation of microorganisms. This service is particularly effective for homeowners who have family members who are sensitive to allergens. Air duct sanitizing is also great for settings that demand high levels of sanitation, such as hospitals and other medical facilities, as well as restaurants.
Traditional air duct cleaning services focus on removing dust, pet dander, and other particles from your HVAC system. However, sanitizing takes this process a step further. Once our certified air duct technicians have cleared out the physical debris, they apply a specially formulated sanitizer to the ductwork. This powerful sanitizer is designed not only to eliminate microscopic organisms but also to prevent their return, ensuring that your air ducts are not just clean but also hygienically maintained.
The process of sanitizing and deodorizing your air ducts is meticulous and requires qualified, skilled technicians. Here's how we do it at American Air LLC:
This comprehensive process is crucial for homes and properties with strict hygiene standards, such as homes with vulnerable inhabitants and even schools. By opting to sanitize and deodorize your ducts, you raise the bar on air quality and safety for everyone in your space.
As one of the most trusted names in HVAC repair and air duct cleaning in the Southeast, we're often asked by clients whether we offer any additional services to keep their homes safe. Some of the most popular services we offer include vapor barriers, moisture controls, and crawlspace encapsulation in Holden Beach, NC.
Encapsulating your crawl space is like wrapping your home in a protective layer against moisture, mold, and pesky pests. This not only leads to cleaner air for you and your family but also helps cut down on energy bills, giving you peace of mind that your house is well taken care of. Our crawl space encapsulation services provide tailored plans, thorough inspections, and a variety of solutions, including vapor barriers, dehumidifiers, and sump pumps, all designed to meet the unique needs of each home.
The benefits of crawlspace encapsulation far outweigh the costs associated with the service, and include:
We might be known for duct cleaning in Holden Beach, NC, but we also offer services tailored to your crawlspace, like vapor barrier installation.
A vapor barrier plays an essential role in keeping your crawlspace dry and ensuring your home's structural integrity. Moisture from the ground can creep into your foundation, resulting in mold growth, wood decay, and higher humidity levels. Without the right safeguards in place, your crawlspace is at risk, which can jeopardize the stability of your home.
At American Air LLC, we specialize in professional vapor barrier installation, effectively sealing the floors and walls of your crawlspace with top-notch materials. Our barriers are designed to keep moisture at bay, enhance indoor air quality, and boost energy efficiency. By opting for a vapor barrier, you can shield your crawlspace from excess humidity and avoid expensive structural repairs down the line.
When you want the best steak in the Palmetto State, you don't pull up to a fast-food joint and expect to get a quality cut of meat. Similarly, when you need reliable, effective duct cleaning and HVAC services, you don't call an unproven business. You contact American Air LLC.
We are a veteran-owned business dedicated to delivering top-tier home services for popular coastal cities. With a focus on customer satisfaction, we provide expert mold removal, air quality solutions, duct cleaning, crawlspace encapsulation, and home repairs. Our commitment to prompt, reliable service and competitive pricing ensures that clients receive exceptional value and care - no if's, and's, or but's.
Experience matters when it comes to maintaining a healthy home environment. Our seasoned professionals utilize proven methods to enhance indoor air quality and HVAC efficiency. Their dedication to excellence and personalized service reflects their core values of integrity and reliability. For homeowners seeking trustworthy solutions, choose American Air LLC as your dependable partner in HVAC care.
A woman looking for shark’s teeth on a North Carolina beach stumbled onto something much more mysterious when a sliver of metal appeared in the sand.It happened Tuesday, Nov. 18, at Holden Beach, and Sandy Dwork was intrigued enough to consult the nearly 18,000 members of the Holden Beach Shark Teeth Facebook group.“Can someone please help me identify what this is,” asked Dwork, who lives in North Myrtle Beach.It didn’t take long to reach a consensus: She had found a WWII armor piercing round, and...
A woman looking for shark’s teeth on a North Carolina beach stumbled onto something much more mysterious when a sliver of metal appeared in the sand.
It happened Tuesday, Nov. 18, at Holden Beach, and Sandy Dwork was intrigued enough to consult the nearly 18,000 members of the Holden Beach Shark Teeth Facebook group.
“Can someone please help me identify what this is,” asked Dwork, who lives in North Myrtle Beach.
It didn’t take long to reach a consensus: She had found a WWII armor piercing round, and it’s far from the first to show up.
Many of the commenters had also found WWII rounds, and they began sharing photos.
“There are a lot of WWII era 50 caliber rounds and shells in the area due to coastal training during the war,” Tony Shaver wrote on Facebook. “It is a neat historical relic!”
That training “was vigorous — six days a week — and the air over coastal North Carolina was loud with military activity” around coastal military sites like Fort Fisher and Camp Davis, N.C. Historic Sites reports.
“Planes towing target sleeves on long cables roared back and forth above the beaches of Fort Fisher and Camp Davis’s other firing ranges, while anti-aircraft gunners below pumped streams of shells at the soaring targets,” state historians say.
The end result is occasional discoveries of bullets, bombs and even mines along the state’s beaches.
Four bombs washed up in 2018, according to the Washington Post. And in 2017, two WWII naval mines came ashore 75 miles apart, WITN reported.
Burlington resident Bradley Thomas Dixon is an avid metal detectorist who has a collection of artifacts found on the state’s beaches. He instantly recognized Dwork’s bullet, having found “identical” bullets.
“That is certainly a WWII 50 BMG armor piercing round. You can tell it is a penetrator because it has a steel core. The rust ball at the back is characteristic of that,” he said.
“Though the 50 caliber bullet projectiles themselves are not dated, many times they are found in the vicinity of their brass casings which are dated. All of these casings I’ve found have been WWII dated, 1941-1945. ... It could have been fired postwar, but the odds are that it is WWII original, fired during WWII training.”
A dredging project nourished Holden Beach a few years ago, and it’s possible the bullet was pulled from the ocean and buried on the beach, he said.
Dwork has yet to decide what she’ll do with the bullet, but notes her husband cleaned it with lemon juice.
SOUTHEASTERN N.C. (WECT) - Here is a breakdown of the unofficial winners of races across Southeastern North Carolina in the 2025 North Carolina Municipal Election:Wilmington – Mayor27 of 27 precincts reportingWilmington – City Council27 of 27 precincts reportingCarolina Beach – Mayor1 of 1 precincts reportingCarolina Beach – Town Council1 of 1 precincts reportingKure Beach – Mayor...
SOUTHEASTERN N.C. (WECT) - Here is a breakdown of the unofficial winners of races across Southeastern North Carolina in the 2025 North Carolina Municipal Election:
27 of 27 precincts reporting
Wilmington – City Council
27 of 27 precincts reporting
Carolina Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Carolina Beach – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Kure Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Kure Beach – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Wrightsville Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Wrightsville Beach – Board of Aldermen
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bald Head Island – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bald Head Island – Village Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Belville – Mayor
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Belville – Town Commissioner
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Boiling Spring Lakes – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Boiling Spring Lakes – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bolivia – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bolivia – Board of Aldermen
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Calabash – Town Commissioner
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Carolina Shores – Mayor
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Carolina Shores – Town Commissioner
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Caswell Beach – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Holden Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Holden Beach – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Leland – Town Council
7 of 7 precincts reporting
Navassa – Mayor
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Navassa – Town Commissioner, District 1
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Northwest – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Oak Island – Mayor
6 of 6 precincts reporting
Oak Island – Town Council
6 of 6 precincts reporting
Ocean Isle Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Ocean Isle Beach – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandy Creek – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandy Creek – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandy Creek – Town Council, Unexpired Term
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Shallotte – Mayor
5 of 5 precincts reporting
Shallotte – Board of Aldermen
5 of 5 precincts reporting
Southport – Mayor
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Southport – Board of Aldermen, Ward 1
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Southport – Board of Aldermen, Ward 2
2 of 2 precincts reporting
St. James – Town Council
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Sunset Beach – Mayor
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Sunset Beach – Town Council
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Sunset Beach – Town Council, Unexpired Term
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Varnumtown – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Varnumtown – Board of Aldermen
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Atkinson – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Atkinson - Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Burgaw – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Burgaw – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
St. Helena – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
St. Helena – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Surf City – Town Council
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Topsail Beach – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Topsail Beach – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Watha – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bladenboro – Mayor
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Bladenboro – Town Commissioner
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Clarkton – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Dublin – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Dublin – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
East Arcadia – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Elizabethtown – Town Council
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Elizabethtown – Town Council (Unexpired Term)
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Tar Heel – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Tar Heel – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
White Lake – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Boardman – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Boardman – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bolton – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Bolton – Town Alderman
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Brunswick – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Cerro Gordo – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Cerro Gordo – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Chadbourn – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Fair Bluff – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Fair Bluff – Town Commissioner
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Lake Waccamaw – Mayor
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Lake Waccamaw – Town Commissioner, East Ward
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Lake Waccamaw – Town Commissioner, West Ward
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandyfield – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Tabor City – Town Council
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Whiteville – Mayor
3 of 3 precincts reporting
Whiteville – City Council, District 1
2 of 2 precincts reporting
Holden Beach Pier Bond ($7.3 million for new pier)
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandyfield Malt Beverage Election
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandyfield Unfortified Wine Election
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Sandyfield Mixed Beverage Election
1 of 1 precincts reporting
Click here to watch WECT’s live election coverage.
The Holden Beach candidates for November’s election participated in a forum Oct. 17 hosted at town hall by the League of Women Voters. Four candidates will vie for two open commissioner seats: Chad Hock, Sylvia Pate, Keith Smith and Maria Surprise.Two candidates will vie for the mayoral seat. Moderator Nancy Garland said candidate Mike Felmly couldn’t attend because he was returning late that day from Raleigh, where he had been undergoing medical treatment. Alan Holden was the only mayoral candidate to attend.Garlan...
The Holden Beach candidates for November’s election participated in a forum Oct. 17 hosted at town hall by the League of Women Voters. Four candidates will vie for two open commissioner seats: Chad Hock, Sylvia Pate, Keith Smith and Maria Surprise.
Two candidates will vie for the mayoral seat. Moderator Nancy Garland said candidate Mike Felmly couldn’t attend because he was returning late that day from Raleigh, where he had been undergoing medical treatment. Alan Holden was the only mayoral candidate to attend.
Garland asked several questions, giving each candidate equal opportunity to respond. The following sections summarize a few of each of the commissioner candidates’ answers, organized alphabetically, as well as Mayor Holden’s answers.
Chad Hock
Hock has been a Holden Beach homeowner for 13 years and became a full-time resident a year and a half ago when he retired from a software executive position with a banking company, he said.
“I’ve come with a common, practical approach to how we can solve some of the problems that we have in front of us,” Hock said.
He said he believes the town cannot afford the pier bond referendum, considering the current cost of living. He said that a firehouse and improved water pressure should be higher priorities, and that the town should not be responsible for the pier in the first place.
“It’s possible,” Hock said, “but quite frankly, it’s gonna cost us a lot to even look for private options for this, and that’s sad.”
Hock suggested that the commissioners should hold Q&A sessions before and after meetings, and that their phones should be government-owned. His slogan is Holden Beach attitude, Holden Beach latitude. He said that despite challenges, he believes the town’s small size and strong sense of community make it possible to overcome obstacles together.
Hock stressed the importance of sitting down, talking through differences and finding ways to work together for the good of the community.
“I’m about compromise,” Hock said. “I’m about trying a practical approach. What I don’t want to be, though, is divisive.”
Sylvia Pate
Pate grew up in Myrtle Beach, and first came to Holden Beach in 1992, when she fell in love with it, she said. She holds a master’s degree in organizational leadership and management from the University of North Carolina at Pembroke.
“I’m all about looking at things from a positive nature,” Pate said. “I’ve worked a lot with local governments in strategic planning, economic development and community development.”
Pate said she doesn’t think the pier bond referendum should exist because it was a rushed process, and the facts are not all clear. Profit, expenses and an economic impact study have yet to be determined, and she does not think there should be a tax increase, she said.
She emphasized that there are more options to look at in federal funding, donations or public-private partnerships.
“Sometimes it’s just a matter of sitting down with the funding agency,” Pate said, “and telling them what it is you want to do.”
Pate said it is important to seek community input through surveys and open discussions. She emphasized a need for more balance between maintaining a peaceful environment for retirees and offering amenities that attract visitors. She sees Block Q as a key opportunity to strengthen community connections, she said.
“I want to see those amenities all come together,” Pate said. “In addition to that, all the infrastructure needs to be taken care of.”
Keith Smith
Smith said he is a people person, and emphasized that he loves having conversations. He has a blended family with 10 children, three of whom are adopted and live on the island. He is a licensed plumber by trade.
“You’ve got to be able to talk,” Smith said. “You’ve got to have your own ideas, come from your own place, make good arguments for those. Then if you don’t, then you got to compromise and work with each other.”
Smith said he will vote no on the pier bond referendum, but that it is not right to simply tear the pier down. He said he thinks that there are resources that the town can get from elsewhere to pay for the pier.
“Fundraisers, grants, fishing licenses,” Smith said, “there are multiple opportunities for us to be able to look one bite at a time.”
Smith suggested that the commissioners’ emails should become more readily available to the public, and the board should hold more public workshops. He noted that surveys are a great idea, but that they can be phrased in a way that skews people toward a certain answer. He said he hopes the board of commissioners will come together as a united front.
“Have conversations with each other,” Smith said, “and we can blend this place back together, and we can be a family beach again.”
Maria SurpriseSurprise and her husband built a home in Holden Beach in 1999 and became permanent residents in 2018, she said. She is a member of the planning board and president of the Holden Beach Property Owners Association. She said she wants to maintain the town as a welcoming family beach.
“I want your vote because it’s time for an open and inclusive and collaborative board of commissioners,” Surprise said.
Surprise said she does not support the pier bond referendum, and does not believe the town should ask the taxpayers to pay to build a pier that cannot be insured. She is open to other means of funding, if the people want that, she said.
“I know the pier has a lot of nostalgia,” Surprise said, “but maybe there is another solution. Maybe we don’t have to have a 1000 foot pier. Maybe we have something more like Oak Island. Maybe we build something that’s a beautiful, welcoming amenity”
Surprise suggested commissioners hold office hours and work sessions to ensure transparency and public input. She also advocated for more safety presentations and bridge traffic control during peak season. She said that as a commissioner, she will focus on infrastructure, public safety and community.
“It’s time for camaraderie and collaboration on Holden Beach,” Surprise said. “It’s time to end the divisiveness and work together, and it means working to compromise.”
Alan Holden
Holden has lived in Holden Beach for his entire life, 76 years. He said he has taken many trips around the country to represent and advocate for the town. He invited citizens and commissioners to reach out to him or visit town hall to have conversations about anything.
“My vision of Holden Beach is to continue the family beach as it has always been,” Holden said.
Jenna Lapp is the staff writer for The Brunswick Beacon. Feel free to reach out with comments, questions and tips at jlapp@brunswickbeacon.com.
HOLDEN BEACH, N.C. (WECT) - Voters in Holden Beach rejected a bond referendum to demolish the current pier and construct a new one.In a 351-211 vote, one precinct in Holden Beach showed voters were opposed to the bond referendum that would increase property taxes for town property owners.According to the town, the referendum included $7.3 million in General Obligation bonds, which only covers demolition and construction costs.The bonds do not cover debt from the original pier property purchase, construction of a new pier...
HOLDEN BEACH, N.C. (WECT) - Voters in Holden Beach rejected a bond referendum to demolish the current pier and construct a new one.
In a 351-211 vote, one precinct in Holden Beach showed voters were opposed to the bond referendum that would increase property taxes for town property owners.
According to the town, the referendum included $7.3 million in General Obligation bonds, which only covers demolition and construction costs.
The bonds do not cover debt from the original pier property purchase, construction of a new pier building, maintenance, or operating costs.
For these reasons, voters like Mark Collman opposed the measure.
“A structure like that that can’t be insured, it makes no sense to spend 12 million dollars plus on something that you can’t insure when you live in a hurricane zone,” Collman said.
Other voters expressed uncertainty about the proposal’s details.
“I’m just not sure if I want my taxes raised or not. I understand that but I am for doing something with the pier. I think the referendum was a little bit too early and not explained enough to voters,” said Lisa Holmes.
If the referendum had passed, property owners may have had to pay an additional $31.60 per year in property taxes for every $100,000 of property value.
The proposed pier would be a 996-foot wooden walkway with a covered “T” at the end, similar to the original design. The new pier would be uninsurable for wind or water damage.
The town states that engineers estimate annual maintenance costs at $72,560 to keep the pier functional for 50 years.
The town has not established operating revenues or determined if the pier will generate profit.